FAKTOR PATOGENITAS
•FAKTOR PERLEKATAN :
• PILI•DAYA INVASI
• KOMPONEN PERMUKAAN :– PROTEIN-M, KAPSUL POLIPEPTIDA
• ENSIM :– KOAGULASE, FIBRINOLISIN
– KOLAGENASE, HYALURONIDASE
• TOKSIN
TOKSIN
FAKTOR PATOGENITAS
•FAKTOR PERTAHANAN :
•EVADE MECHANISM
•KOMPONEN PERMUKAAN :–KAPSUL => hambat fagositosis
–PROTEIN-A => hambat fagositosis
•ENSIM PROTEOLITIK :–IgA-protease => MEMECAH IgA
BACTERIA IN DENTAL PLAQUE
•KOKUS GRAM-POSITIVE 24% STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS
STREPTOCOCCUS SALIVARIUS
STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUIS
•KOKUS GRAM-NEGATIVE 13%
–VEILLONELLA, NEISSERIA
•BATANG GRAM-POSITIVE 50%
–ACTINOMYCES, LACTOBACCILLUS, BIFIDOBACTERIUM, ROPIONIBACTERIUM
•BATANG GRAM-NEGATIVE 13%
–BACTERIODES, FUSOBACTERIUM
–SPIROCHAETES
BASIL GRAM NEGATIF
•FAKULTATIF ANAEROB, MIKROAEROFILIK FERMENTER
–ENTEROBACTERIACEAE
–VIBRIO, AEROMONAS
–CAMPYLOBACTER, HELICOBACTER
•AEROBIK NON-FERMENTER :
–PSEUDOMONAS
–BORDETELLA
–BRUCELLA
•HAEMOPHILUS, PASTEURELLA, ACTINOBACILLUS
•LAIN-LAIN :
–LEGIONELLA
–BARTONELLA
ACTINOMYCES
•A. NAESLUNDII & A. ISRAELII
=> ACTINOMYCOSIS
•MIKROAEROFILIK/STRICT ANAEROB
•PERTUMBUHAN LAMBAT (4-10 HARI)
•SPORA (-)
•GRAM POSITIVE, BERCABANG
•SULFUR GRANULES :
=> MENGHAMBAT FAGOSITOSIS
ACTINOMYCES
•CERVICOFACIAL ACTINOMYCOSIS :
–50% DARI KASUS ACTINOMYCOSIS
–PREDISPOSISI :
•TRAUMA MUKOSA MULUT
•KARIES
•PENYAKIT PERIODONTAL
–PEMBENGKAKAN DAN NYERI
–PYOGENIC ABCESS
=> TULANG => OSTEOMYELITIS
ACTINOMYCES
•TX :
–PENISILIN-G
–TETRASIKLIN
–ERITROMISIN
–KLINDAMISIN
BACTERIODES MELANINOGENICUS
•GRAM (-) BASIL
•KAPSUL (+)
•PIGMEN HITAM
•PERIODONTAL DISEASE => PULMONARY ABCESS
•INTRAABDOMINAL ABCESS => BAKTEREMIA => PENYEBARAN KE SELURUH TUBUH --- MORTALITY 32%
LACTOBACILLUS
•BASIL GRAM POSITIVE
•NON-SPOREFORMING ANAEROBE
•ACIDOGENIK => ASAM LAKTAT
=> DEMINERALISASI STRUKTUR GIGI
•PERAN DALAM DENTAL CARIES
FUSOBACTERIUM
•OBLIGAT ANAEROB BASIL GRAM (-)
•SPORE (-)
•FLORA NORMAL MULUT, USUS BESAR
•PYOGENIC ORAL INFECTION => LIVER ABCESS, INTRAABDOMINAL ABCESS & PERITONITIS
PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS
•SEBAGAI PATOGEN PRIMER PADA PENYAKIT PERIODONTAL
•KOKOBASIL GRAM (-)
•OBLIGAT ANAEROB, SPORA (-)
•2 PROTEASE DAN KOLAGENASE
=> DESTRUKSI JARINGAN
=> KERUSAKAN TULANG ALVEOLAR
PSEUDOMONAS
•SPESIES YANG PENTING :
–PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
–PSEUDOMONAS PSEUDOMALLEI
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
•Small gram-negatif bacilli
•Strict aerob
•Non-fermenter
•Simple nutritional requirements
•Capsul
•Pigment :
–Pyocyanin (biru-hijau)
–Pyoverdin/fluorescein (kuning)
–Pyorubin (merah-coklat)
Virulensi
•Kapsul : adhesin, hambat kerja AB, menekan aktivitas neutrofil dan limfosit
•Pili : adhesin
•LPS : aktivitas endotoksin
•Pyocyanin : gangguan fungsi silia, stimulasi respon inflamasi, kerusakan jaringan via oksigen radikal
•Eksotoksin A : hambat sintesis protein, rusak jaringan (kulit, kornea), immunosupressive
EPIDEMIOLOGI
•Penyebaran luas di lingkungan
•tanah, tanaman, air
•lingkungan rumah sakit dan peralatan medis/non-medis
•Sabun, kosmetik, disinfektan, kolam renang
•Infeksi oportunistik dan nosokomial Multiresisten
Terapi
•Sulit ok resisten thd banyak AB
•Sering perlu kombinasi AB (aminoglikosida dng beta-laktam)
•Sefalosporin generasi 3 atau 4
•Hiperimun globulin ( pd penderita immunocompromised )
•Pemberian BSA jangka lama yang tidak tepat === memicu resistensi
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